Deezer is a French, ad-supported and subscription music streaming service operated by the publicly traded Deezer S.A. (Euronext Paris, formed via a 2022 SPAC merger with I2PO). Deezer's own privacy notice defines personal data broadly (including data merely "linked" to a user, such as listening history), discloses use of a third-party ad identifier from The Trade Desk to build user ad profiles for free-tier users, and states data is shared with partners such as telecom operators, media companies, retailers, music labels and audio device manufacturers, with most data categories retained for 3 years from a user's last interaction. Apple's App Store privacy label corroborates cross-app tracking via Contact Info and Identifiers. In November 2022, Deezer disclosed on its own support site that a former service provider had unlawfully retained a 2019 snapshot of non-sensitive user data (names, dates of birth, emails) past its 2020 contract termination, and that this data was later leaked; Deezer states no passwords or payment details were exposed. No regulator fine or enforcement order against Deezer was found in the sources checked.